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The coup has almost killed the ceasefire that was in force with nearly 14 ethnic insurgent groups.
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It is significant that these attacks are taking place in regions like Sagaing and Magwe, Mandalay and Tanintharyi (bordering Thailand), and Chin State (bordering Mizoram), which had not seen such protests in the recent past. It is carrying out attacks on Myanmar troops.
#MYANMAR TIME CODE#
In August, the NUG formed the Peoples’ Defence Force (PDF), laying down a code of conduct for its fighters. The NUG’s call for a civil disobedience movement against the junta has kept up the spirit of protestors. These actions meet the demand of not only Rohingyas but also “stateless” people of Indian origin in Myanmar. The NUG has decided to repeal the 1962 Citizenship Law and replace it with a new law based on “proper” citizenship criteria. The NUG has demonstrated its multi-ethnic character by making the 1st Vice President Duwa Lashi La, a Kachin, the acting President and Mahn Win Khaing Than, a Christian Karen, the PM. Though its presence on the ground is shadowy, its official website and interactive social media sites keep the people informed of its activities. The newly elected members of the NLD and ethnic political parties have formed the National Unity Government (NUG) to visibly reinforce their legitimacy. These largely conform to the findings of international agencies. According to pro-democracy sources, as on October 23, under the military regime, 1,196 people had been killed and 9,175 arrested. Andrews said the crisis in Myanmar had become grave, with the army continuing to commit mass atrocity crimes. The moot point is, can India and the international community wait for ASEAN to take action while Myanmar burns? Thomas H Andrews, UN Special Rapporteur in Myanmar, has warned that the nation was heading for full-blown civil war in his report presented to the UN human rights body last month. However, after ASEAN’s refusal to invite the military junta chief to the summit, the mediatory process could be indefinitely delayed.
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The UN, which had been preoccupied with the turbulence in Afghanistan, had also banked upon ASEAN’s five-point proposal for resolving the Myanmar issue. The same approach was likely adopted when the issue was discussed at the 18th ASEAN-India meeting on October 28. The reaffirmation of ASEAN centrality indicates that India is probably not thinking beyond facilitating the group’s efforts at mediation in Myanmar. Pointedly, it said the “PM reaffirmed ‘ASEAN centrality’ in the Indo-Pacific and highlighted the synergies between ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific (AOUIP) and India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI)”. On the other hand, the brief statement issued by the PMO and MEA said the important regional and global issues discussed at the EAS included Indo-Pacific, South China Sea and Myanmar. He said, “In Myanmar, we must address the tragedy caused by the military coup, which is increasingly undermining regional stability.” He added, “The US stands for the people of Myanmar and calls for the military regime to end the violence. American President Joe Biden in his address at the EAS was unequivocal in condemning the military takeover.
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The junta chief has also missed attending the 16th East Asia Summit (EAS) held virtually after the ASEAN summit, with the participation of leaders from Australia, China, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea and the US in addition to ASEAN leaders. It was a huge loss of face for Gen Hlaing, as his presence would have partly fulfilled his quest for legitimacy of the junta government. Rejecting the offer, the Myanmar military spokesman said, “For us, attending a meeting that doesn’t place Myanmar at the same level as others is like an assault on the sovereignty of our nation.” Neither the ASEAN chair nor the secretary general chose to refer to Myanmar’s absence at the summit, sending a clear message that the group was prepared to deal with the Myanmar junta chief on its own terms. It invited Chan Aye, permanent secretary at the Myanmar junta’s foreign ministry, to attend the summit. After taking the unprecedented action, the group offered a sop. Meeting political leaders was an important item on ASEAN’s five-point proposal for mediation. The ASEAN, which had Myanmar’s internal situation on its agenda, decided not to invite him after he refused to allow the group’s special envoy to meet Aung San Suu Kyi, who is imprisoned along with other leaders. The 39th ASEAN summit that met on October 26 had a notable absentee-Gen Min Aung Hlaing, head of Myanmar’s ruling junta.